EEDI
Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping
AMSA issued a Marine Notice 11/2015, superseding 13/2012 and the purpose of this Marine Notice is to provide information to ship owners and operators on technical and operational measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships.
Amendments to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) introducing the mandatory global greenhouse gas reduction regime for the international industry sector were adopted at the 62nd session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 2011 and entered into force on 1 January 2013.
A new Chapter 4 entitled Regulations on Energy Efficiency for Ships has been added to MARPOL Annex VI which mandates:
- an Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for certain new ships;
- a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for certain ships; and
- a requirement for certain ships to carry an International Energy Efficiency (IEE) Certificate.
The new chapter 4 applies to ships of 400 gross tonnage and above engaged in international voyages, however does not apply to some ships not propelled by mechanical means, and platforms including FPSOs and FSUs and drilling rigs, regardless of their propulsion.
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships
The EEDI is a non-prescriptive, performance-based mechanism that leaves the choice of technologies to use in a specific ship design to the industry. As long as the required energy efficiency level is attained, ship designers and builders are free to use the most cost-effective solutions for the ship to comply with the regulations. The EEDI standards are being phased in from 2013 to 2025.
In general form, the EEDI formula may be expressed as:
EEDI = CO2 emission/transport work where:
- the carbon-dioxide (CO2) emission represents total CO2 emission from combustion of fuel, including propulsion and auxiliary engines and boilers, taking into account the carbon content of the fuels in question; and
- the transport work is calculated by multiplying the ship’s capacity as designed (deadweight for cargo ships and gross tonnage for passenger ships) with the ship’s design speed measured at the maximum design load condition and at 75 per cent of the rated installed shaft power.
The 66th session of the MEPC agreed to extend the application of the EEDI regulations to “new” ships of the following types that use conventional propulsion methods:
- container ships
- refrigerated cargo carriers
- tankers
- combination carriers
- roll on roll off cargo ships
- container ships
- refrigerated cargo carriers
- tankers
- combination carriers
- roll on roll off cargo ships
These ships are required to have an ‘attained EEDI’ and will need to meet the EEDI regulations requiring an improvement in energy efficiency up to 2025
A “new” ship means a ship:
- for which the building contract is placed on or after 1 January 2013; or
- in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 July 2013; or
- the delivery of which is on or after 1 July 2015.
Conventional propulsion means a method of propulsion where a main reciprocating internal combustion engine(s) is the prime mover and coupled to a propulsion shaft, either directly or through a gear box.
Cruise passenger ships using non-conventional propulsion and LNG carriers using conventional or non-conventional propulsion, delivered on or after 1 September 2019, will also need to have an attained EEDI and meet the EEDI regulations requiring an improvement in energy efficiency up to 2025. Non-conventional propulsion methods include diesel-electric propulsion, turbine propulsion and hybrid propulsion systems. The EEDI regulations do not apply to cargo ships that have ice-breaking capability.
According to the IMO, the EEDI now covers approximately 85 per cent of the CO2 emissions from international shipping.
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships
The SEEMP establishes a mechanism for operators to improve the energy efficiency of ships. Potential operational efficiency measures include:
- improved hull and propulsion system maintenance;
- voyage planning;
- weather routeing;
- speed optimisation; and
- use of automated engine management systems.
Each ship is required to keep a ship specific SEEMP on board, which may form part of the ship’s Safety Management System. The SEEMP for each ship is to be developed taking into account guidelines adopted by the IMO (see below).
A critical element to consider in developing a SEEMP is the need to set a goal to create an incentive for proper implementation, and then to increase commitment to the improvement of energy efficiency. The goal can take any form, such as the annual fuel consumption or a specific target of Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI).
The EEOI developed by IMO (see below) is one of the internationally established tools to obtain a quantitative indicator of energy efficiency of a ship and/or fleet in operation, and can be used for this purpose.
International Energy Efficiency Certificate
All ships of 400 gross tons and above engaged in international voyages need to be issued with an International Energy Efficiency (IEE) Certificate. Owners and operators of Australian ships engaged in international trade should ensure the IEE Certificate is issued and available after the first intermediate or renewal survey, whichever is the first, on or after 1 January 2013. Classification Societies have been authorised to issue the certificates for Australian vessels.
Additional information
This Marine Notice provides only a summary of the new regulations. For further details on determining the requirements for each specific ship, please refer to MARPOL Annex VI and the MEPC Resolutions that have been developed to support these new regulations:
- Resolution MEPC.213(63) – 2012 Guidelines for the development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
- Resolution MEPC.231(65) – 2013 Guidelines for calculation of reference lines for use with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
- Resolution MEPC.233(65) – 2013 Guidelines for calculation of reference lines for use with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for cruise passenger ships having non-conventional propulsion
- Resolution MEPC.245(66) – 2014 Guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships;
- Resolution MEPC.254(67) – 2014 Guidelines on Survey and Certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
The IMO has also issued a number of circulars providing additional information on the new regulations. The relevant circulars are:
- MEPC.1/Circ.682 – Interim Guidelines for Voluntary Verification of EEDI
- MEPC.1/Circ.684 – Guidelines for Voluntary use of EEOI.
Copies of these Resolutions and circulars can be obtained from the IMO website or by contactingeps@amsa.gov.au.
The Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act 1983, Navigation Act 2012 and Marine Part 97 give effect to the new regulations.
Source: AMSA
Prince Rupert Green Wave Program Update
In an effort to encourage shippers to invest in sustainable practices, the Prince Rupert Port Authority launched the Green Wave environmental incentive program for vessels.
Introduced in 2013, the program offers discounted harbour dues to commercial vessels that implement emission reduction measures or other environmental practices. Through Green Wave, PRPA is providing even greater opportunities for shipping companies to reap the benefits of their outstanding environmental performance. The program includes a variety of qualification standards for arriving commercial vessels consistent across the global shipping industry, allowing PRPA to help accelerate a worldwide movement toward greater efficiency and sustainability.
Green Wave incorporates a number of mechanisms for incentives, which include fuel sulphur content, Environmental Ship Index (ESI), Green Marine Program, RightShip GHG, Green Award, Clean Shipping Index, and Energy Efficiency Design Index. Using a three-tier criteria system, vessels are scored for their level of compliance with one or more of the recognized environmental programs, and awarded a discount on their harbour dues paid to PRPA.
As of June 1, 2015, there are were revisions to the Green Wave Program & the changes reflect the increasing regulatory standards of the Emissions Control Area and well as an increased recognition of top performing vessels.
Changes are summarised as below:
- With the new North American ECA in place, which enforces 0.1% Sulphur fuel, the Green Marine focus will shift from SOx to GHG based measures.
- RightShip ‘A’ rated vessels will now qualify for a Tier 3 (50%) discount, as they represent the most efficient vessels of their peers. Also, vessels with a ‘3’ or greater Environmental Rating will now have to meet a minimum ‘D’ GHG rating to qualify.
- Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has a new mechanism for vessels to qualify for a Tier 2 discount.
- The Fuel Sulphur Content criterion has been removed due to further implementation of the North American Emission Control Area.
In 2014, the Port saw 140 different vessels qualify for discounts on harbour dues through Green Wave, for a total of nearly 200 vessel calls. These ships have implemented emission reduction measures and/or other environmental practices to improve their environmental performance, contributing to the sustainability of the Port, and marine shipping on a larger scale. Through this program, ships are rewarded for increasing their environmental performance and are provided incentives to call the Port of Prince Rupert. The impact of the program is a reduction of localized air pollutants and a larger global effort of ports, ship owners and other organizations working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Click here for Information about the Green Wave Program.
EEDI Verification & Speed Trail
In order to determine the ship’s attained EEDI required by MARPOL ANNEX VI, the ship speed in calm sea conditions is to be calculated based on the speed trial results. Since the ISO standard which is prescribed in IMO’s guidelines on survey and certification of EEDI as the methods for conduct/analysis of speed trial has been revised recently, ClassNK issued guidance on the effective date and relevant requirements of the new standard.
1. Background
In MEPC 62 held in July 2011, some issues to the existing ISO15016 (2002 edition) were pointed out by European shipowners and research institutes, and IMO urged ISO and ITTC to review the standard. In response to it, ISO and ITTC commenced their collaborative work at WG17 formed under the umbrella of ISO/TC8/SC6, and developed the draft international standard with the addition of new tidal correction method called “Iterative method”, while incorporating the basic concept of ITTC recommended procedure (2012 edition). Following the completion of prescribed procedure within ISO, new ISO standard has been published on 1 April 2015 as ISO15016:2015.
2. Application of ISO15016:2015
In MEPC 68 held in this May, it was agreed to revise the guidelines on survey and certification of EEDI to refer ISO15016:2015 as the conduct/analysis method to be used for speed trial of the ships. Further, as a result of the deliberations on the application of new ISO standard, it was agreed to recommend the use of ISO15016:2015 to ships for which the speed trial for EEDI verification is conducted on or after 1 September 2015. An early implementation of the new ISO standard prior to that date is encouraged as well, with no problem for EEDI verification.
3. Major change items of the conduct/analysis method of speed trial
For the major changes associated with the revision of ISO standard, please refer to Attachment 1.
In ISO15016:2015, the various kinds of constraint conditions, which is no provisions in 2002 edition, in relation to the preparation/conduct methods of speed trial are to be added as well as a changing of the analysis method of speed trial data. Therefore, the extra care is needed if the speed trial scheduled on or after 1 September 2015 and/or based on the new ISO standard for the first time is planned.
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